The Capital of Canada is Ottawa in Ontario and the country itself is a federation divided into 3 territories: 1-Northwest Territories, 2-Yukon Territory and 3-Nunavut with 1-Yellowknife, 2-Whitehorse and 3-Iqaluit as their respective capitals and 10 provinces: 1- Alberta, 2- British Columbia, 3- Manitoba, 4- New Brunswick, 5- Nova Scotia, 6-Newfoundland, 7-Ontario, 8-Prince Edward Island, 9- Quebec, 10-Saskatchewan, and their respective capitals are 1-Edmonton, 2-Victoria, 3-Winnipeg, 4-Fredricton, 5-Halifax, 6-St.Jonh’s, 7-Toronto, 8-Charlottetown, 9-Quebec City, 10-Regina. The responsibilities are divided among the provincial and federal government. The federal government headed in Ottawa takes care of the transportation, the money and banking, the external relations, the defense, the criminal law, the trade regulations, and the citizenship among other things and each province has a provincial government that takes care of the education, the welfare, the health care, and the environment etc.

Canada is officially bilingual: French and English are the two official languages. In federal courts both languages have equal weight but English is more prevalent among the population; about 60% of the population have English as their mother tongue and 70% speak it at home and around 23% speak French as their first language among which about 13% of the population speak solely French whereas around 67% speak only English. The majority of the French speaking population (around 85%) live in the Province of Quebec and around 20% of the general population have another first language as well such as Chinese, Indian, Arabic, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Armenian, Iranian, etc.

Canadian weather greatly varies according to the location. Canada is notorious for its cold winters, in fact a minus 14 degrees Celsius (5oF) is an average for the months of winter often reaching -40oC with the wind chill factor. This may seem a lot harsher than it actually is, Canada is very well prepared for this weather, most stores and malls have access from underground heated well developed pathways, the transportation system in most cities is very well developed and homes and all public places are so well heated that most people wear light clothing indoors.